watervole | Combating climate change

Crossposts: https://watervole.livejournal.com/666751.html

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climate change

Combating climate change - clothing

Yesterday saw temperature records broken all over Europe.

Scientific certainty on the man-made causes of climate change is now well over 99% .

We are an a very big, heavy ship and it is set on a course that will be very difficult to alter.

All we can say, is that the sooner we start to change that course, the better our chances of not crashing into the hypothetical iceberg. The later we make changes, the less effective they will be.

Global temperature rises are not being driven by just the CO2 we emit this year, but by that plus ALL THE CO2 WE HAVE EVER EMITTED.

Most people reading this will never see lower temperatures in their lifetimes. We're fighting for our children and our grandchildren.

Our children, if we're really lucky, will see temperatures stabilise in their lifetime.

Our grandchildren, if, and only if, our generation take action now, may see a reduction in temperature, if someone finds a way to take CO2 out of the atmosphere in large quantities.

Remember that planting trees will only absorb the CO2 emitted by cutting down those trees in the first place. It will not remove the CO2 from fossil fuels.

So, who's ready for lifestyle changes?

Let's tackle clothing for today:

It's estimated that clothing accounts for 10% of the world's carbon emissions. That's because the production of clothing is very energy intensive and the supply chains are very long, with clothing being shipped all around the globe.

Now add in the environmental cost of washing all those clothes and the plastic fibres released by laundering poly-cotton, nylon, polyester, etc.

Now add in the problem of disposing of all the millions of garments that get thrown away every year - most of it is impossible to recycle and goes straight to landfill.

Can you reduce your own impact?

Why not try and see how long you can go without buying a new (second-hand is allowed) item of clothing?

I'm aiming for a year. The last new item I bought was last August, at Purbeck folk festival. All I've bought since then is a second-hand pair of trousers, two scarves from a charity shop and a second-hand waistcoat for my sword dance costume.

I have a wardrobe full of clothes. Apart from the occasional item of underwear, I really have all I need for all round the year for a long time to come. All I'm expecting to buy in the foreseeable future is a pair of linen trousers - linen being a relatively environmentally friendly fabric and cooler to wear in summer, and I need something to protect my legs from insect bites when I go walking on the heath.

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Like you I've accumulated enough of most clothes to last for a considerable time - in fact probably to see me out. I've also been using the local charity shops as the equivalent of a clothes exchange since I retired, particularly for trousers, with a recent purchase of a light summer outer jacket as backup for the old (we're talking 1980s here) one I love but which is probably going to get beyond realistic mending, to be seen in public, in a year or so. I have bought two new t-shirts and one new sweat-shirt in that time, both because CATS. My only planned purchase-from-new will be underwear.

You're a woman after my own heart!

Like you, I mend when I can.

I've got enough t-shirts to last a lifetime, partly because I used to buy them at SF conventions.

I think the more people who do this, and who talk to their friends about it, the more momentum we'll gain on the ridiculous over-production of fast fashion.

Previously my habit, inherited from my parents (my mother gardened for years in bits of my old school uniform!), of not immediately buying the latest whatever and having clothes that cycled down best -> work -> socialising with friends -> housework and gardening was definitely considered odd. More recently I've been asked about mending and can also report that my nieces are making conscious efforts to live in a more sustainable way.

Shoes (picking up on a comment below) are a problem. Once I used to get replaceable soles and heels put on shoes before I started wearing them. A combination of things stopped that, including the retirement of the good local cobbler. Fortunately I appear to be lighter on shoe wear since retirement!

My kids, bless them, are both really good on the sustainable living front. The eldest has been siphoning water from her bath into her garden and is currently linking up her water butts so that the levels will balance if one gets more rain than the other.

My youngest is furnishing his first house with a lot of second hand stuff (apart from new shelves from IKEA).

Ooo ah... what setup does she use? This is something I've thought about but previously the brain has given up reading up. At the moment I have water butts, use rinse water from the washing machine (ecological liquid) on non-edibles and because the bathroom sink takes a while to run hot run the initial cold into a bucket - usually ends up being used for the outside planters and the house plants.

Just a hose pipe to empty the bath. Fill the siphon with water, then hang one end out the window and ensure the other end remains under water. Hey presto.

Even easier solution on bathroom sink. Wash your hands in cold water. That's what I always do.

We've actually turned our hot water off over the summer because we use so little. We just heat a kettle when washing the dishes. Even turned off the gas pilot light (I was surprised how much gas just the pilot light used)

What kind of washing machine do you have? I'm guessing it's a top loader - you couldn't do that with mine.

Thanks. I'll take another look at available siphons.

Yup, when it's just hands they get cold water. This is when it's more - I don't need a full shower or bath every day but I do like to wash more than just hands and prefer not-cold water then.

My hot water comes off the roof - there's a gadget that effectively redirects a proportion of the output to the tank and the tank's well lagged so even in the winter I only need a top up from the bolier circuit intermittently. Kitchen sink runs hot quickly so I simply turn the tap on straight into the bowl. The boiler's modern enough that it doesn't have a pilot light and my cooker's gas but pre pilot-light!

The washing machine is a 'half size' automatic. The outflow hose simply tucks into a piece of piping and it's easy to untuck it and run it into bucket(s) instead. Transferring hose between full and empty bucket can lead to some water on the floor but - guess what - yup, that gets used to mop the floor (or cupboards or similar)! I've been doing that since some time in the 1980s when I had an unfurnished rented flat, and therefore my own washing machine, and a back yard to grow things in.

Edited (clarification, pronoun association!) 2019-07-28 17:33 (UTC)

I'm not sure what you mean when you say your hot water comes off the roof.
Do you mean a solar hot water system?

No, I just have solar PV panels, hence the need for the gadget to redirect a proportion of output to the water tank.

Ah, got it. I'm not sure if I'm allowed to do that. I have free panels, so the fitters get the feed in tariff. If I used the extra to heat water, that might not be allowed....

Yes, I imagine that might be the case - an acquaintance has a similar arrangement and has a completely separate water heating setup which is owned by them. Works for me as they're my panels and the only restriction is that I can't store (for later). If I were starting from now I'd seriously investigate storage technology as it's come on a lot since I had the panels installed, even if it meant signing away any 'repayment' (which it wouldn't now as there isn't any is there - I should double-check).

About all I ever buy new in the way of clothing are shoes (haven't bought any in several years, I need to get some soon, they're falling apart), undergarments (again, it's been years), and bathing suits (can't remember when-- at least 10 years ago, need new, the old ones are past public view).

Then again, I have a fabric stash from decades back when I used to peruse the bargain bins and the 'too small to sell normally, buy it cheap or we throw it out' bins.... maybe I can make my own bathing suit from pieced together scraps...

Go to the top of the class (shared with Kotturinn).

I wish I had a solution to shoes. I can make a pair last several years, but then have to replace.

It used to be easy to get shoes re-soled, but the manufacturers have stopped making new soles for them now.

I need to see if it's possible to get new heels for my dancing shoes, but the last time I tried a cobbler for that, the new heel was very unsuitable and didn't flex properly.

I'm starting to collect fabric from various second-hand sources. Hopefully, I'll find the time/energy/skills to make a replacement for my favourite skirt which has died beyond recovery after many years of wear.

I was delighted when the makers of the hiking boots that I wear altered their design to allow re-soling. I've already done one pair. I really don't use other shoes, except occasionally some old sandals. It is true that I have four pairs of boots that still fit, a couple that are all nicely shined for those hotel jobs, and some that are only fit for the Ranch.
Clothing wise I have too many t-shirts, coats and sweaters. No need to buy new for quite a time. Almost 100% of what I wear is cotton, and I seldom throw out anything that doesn't have multiple holes. The hardest part is keeping clothing black for work. That is the uniform, and black is about the hardest thing possible to keep looking good. We are very lucky though, there is a clothing recycling scheme in San Francisco, because, well, San Francisco.

Kudos to the hiking boot manufacturers! I so do wish I could get new soles in the way I could 20 years ago. I used to get through two or three soles before the uppers wore out.

Cotton makes very good sense. It has a high environmental impact when made, but if you've no plans to buy more for a long time, then it's the best stuff to wear. It's cooler (as I'm sure you know already), needs washing less often because it breathes better, and doesn't release plastic microfibres when washed.

Uniform is tough. My best suggestion is occasionally dying stuff, but I don't know what the environmental costs of different dyes are.

Italian made boots (Zamberlan), I'm very glad they went back to a style that can be resoled.
I know one or two stagehands who have tried re-dying their clothes. It doesn't work very well (even when done by experienced costumers) and tends to get black smudges on things. Here in California we can only get dyes that are pretty environmentally friendly, but not very effective. The really effective ones require a lot of safety equipment and procedures. Most stagehands have: good dress blacks, good blacks, ok work blacks and clothes that we only wear for the first day or two in really dirty locations! Also sometimes the right answer is polyester or other clothing that keeps it's blackness through many cleanings as opposed to something like cotton. My "best" dress blacks are polyester which I hate.
Oh, and I've been known to dispose of my old cotton clothing in the compost bin out back. Cotton breaks down pretty quickly in a good compost!

I've composted some old clothes as well!

Used to happen a lot. My mother-in-law researched the history of her allotments, and one plot had lots of old buttons from clothes that were composted there.

What really annoys me is when I can't find a label on a garment to say what it's made of. (An occasional problem with second-hand clothes)

Hmmm, that makes me think I should write on my cotton clothes. I usually tear labels off the neck of garments as they really irritate me. I'm very, very much in favor of manufactures stamping info on clothes as some do now.

Some neck labels irritate me too.

Stamping sounds like a very good idea.

Also, labels in the side seams as most shirts do - The one I'm wearing has a label there and it says 100% cotton.

I used to make shoes for my teddy bears! ;^) That was easy because they don't walk very much, and so gluing reclaimed leather for soles worked fine.

I just remembered, I had saved instructions/patterns from various Native American re-enactor sites which included methods of making moccasins. I should try that (way back, I used to buy used leather clothing at the thrift store, so I could use that). Should be able to make gardening-suitable footwear, at least. :^)

Moccasins may well be a good idea. I've made a moccasin-style sole for a pair of hand knitted slipper socks and it worked well. I used leather off-cuts, but used leather clothing sounds a great idea.

Let me know how that works out - I might try it myself.

Will do! I don't know when I'll be up for sewing, but in the mean time, here's a link to interesting articles/instructions about 19th Century Seminole Men's Clothing. (you can also go down to a link taking you back to the beginning of the site, where there's even more interesting goodies.)

OH! They mention 'Finger Weaving' which you might enjoy reading.

http://www.nativetech.org/seminole/index.php

http://www.nativetech.org/seminole/moccasins/construction.php

Don't think there's much brain-tanned buckskin near here, but it's interesting to see how they were made.

Found a video of finger-weaving which was easier to follow than the instructions - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jaWtR1OEu74

Interesting technique, but more labour intensive than other historical techniques. Tablet weaving is faster (though it has it's own limitations)

Thanks for that! Yes, the video is much more understandable. I suspect that there are a number of ways to make it simpler and faster, too.

My arm is much better today, I actually did a bit of drawing. Drew a dog for my Spoonflower shop. :^)

https://www.spoonflower.com/designs/9082164-pembroke-welsh-corgi-wildflower-field-pillow-by-eclectic_house

He's a nice corgi, though I do wish they weren't bred for such excessively short legs these days.

A lot of animal breeds have been turned extreme by trying to meet show standards. It's a pity. I have thought it might be interesting to make a design showing dog breeds as they were in the original forms before they were exaggerated.

I have thought about making footwear, but it always seemed like something that took both knowledge and good tools to do well. That and I've always needed good arch support so moccasins are out!

A friend of mine went on a weekend course to make a pair of shoes. She got hooked and has made a couple more pairs since then.

Shoe making and knife making. I'd love to do both... but having thought it through I choose to do other things rather than go down that particular rabbit hole.

I know exactly where you're coming from! So many interesting things, and finite time.

And there I thought this was going to be a companion post about suitable clothing to cope with unseasonable weather :-D

I bought three pairs of pants (which are shockingly expensive, good-quality durable ones are anyway) earlier this year; one of the old ones has gone to rag and a couple more really ought to.
I also had to buy a white top from the charity shop for choir purposes, since it has been decreed that our next concert will take place all in white. And after I'd previously had to go out and buy a black top and trousers, because the default choir uniform was all black! (Everyone owns black clothes, don't they? Well no, because they don't suit me at all. And neither does white, which is why I've never worn it since we had the option of wearing blue shirts instead of white ones at primary school...)
Fortunately my old sailing trousers happen to be white. They'll just have to stick me in the back row and put up with them :-(

Oddly enough I've literally just spent the last couple of hours doing mending (as an act of desperate procrastination in order to avoid having to rewrite my 'action scene' to be shorter and snappier). I've meticulously backstitched a seam across the mysterious rip in my pyjama sleeve — the pyjamas are not that worn, and anyway they normally rip across the button band, the shoulders or the seat, not the forearm! — and blanket-stitched the raw edge so I can stick the mend in the wash. And then I finally got round to taking off the second cuff from my silk shirt, trimming off the strip where the sleeve had split, and re-inserting the new edge back into the cuff and restoring the seam with tiny tailored stitches. It was April 2018 back when I did the first cuff, and when the second one went on the very next wash I simply couldn't face repeating the exercise.

One more shirt for the wardrobe, although some of the ones in there are going to be rags soon. Only two jobs left on the mending pile; an armpit repair, which is going to have to be patched as the seam has ripped through, and the tail-end of the moth-hole darning I was doing last summer. (I strongly suspect that waistband doesn't even fit any more :-p)

My shoes are hand-made, which means they always get resoled (because the price of having new ones made is astronomical). It also means that even resoling is extremely expensive; it would be infinitely cheaper to buy a new pair from the shops every time I walk through the soles :-(
Unfortunately I have weird-shaped feet.

Even so, shoes don't last for more than three or four resolings. I've had to pay for two new pairs after the uppers wore through — maybe a fifteen-year lifespan? When you walk or cycle everywhere, you get through a lot of shoe-leather.

I agree that those of us who walk a lot definitely go through shoe leather!
My current mending nightmare is how to fix 4(!!!) holes the dog chewed in an almost new plaid heavy flannel shirt. The holes are across the back and she actually must have chewed off the material and eaten it. I have quite a lot of "tail" on the shirt but am not quite sure I can match the plaid. Also not sure what kind of edge would look best....

According to my invaluable 1930s book of household needlecraft (also lists three or four ways of finishing seams without needing a sewing machine, let alone a serger), to patch flannel garments you should cut a patch the size of the hole and allow 1/4" extra for turnings.
Tack the patch onto the wrong side of the garment. Beginning at a corner, fasten down the edges using herringbone stitch, preferably with silk thread. https://www.needlework-tips-and-techniques.com/herringbone-stitch.html
The upper stitches should go through both patch and garment and the lower stitches should fall just below the raw edge. (This will help finish the edge of the patch as well as fixing it on.)
Turn the garment on to the right side and cut away the worn area to within 1/4 inch of the stitching. Now herringbone the edge you have just cut down onto the patch.

Alternatively (recommended for children's frocks) you can use a 'dress patch'.
Put the garment face-up on the table and take a piece of cloth with matching pattern. Put it over the hole and turn under the edges of the material until you have a patch which covers the hole and exactly matches the design and weave of the garment. (Tedious but important.)
Cut down the turnings of the patch to 1/4" and tack it over the hole. Holding the patch towards you, sew down the patch onto the garment with small stitches, using cotton of the same colour or threads drawn from the selvedge. Cut down the raw edges on the wrong side and oversew or buttonhole stitch them to make them neat. Flatten out the sewing stitches by pressing with a warm iron.
(But note this will not work well on thick material, as you have three thicknesses of cloth at the edge of the patch.)

Alternatively, if you cannot match the pattern, use a contrast fabric (solid blue might look good?) and make a feature of your 'appliqué' design. You could try embroidering little motifs onto your patches :-)

Dredges around in very ancient memories. I haven't done a herringbone stitch for decades. Thanks for mentioning it I would never have remembered it! After looking carefully at the garment I don't think there is suitable material for matching so I'll find something to make a contrasting patch.

Mom, who was 15 years old in 1930, carefully taught me how to mend things. I have her darning egg for darning sox... I also have her ancient Singer sewing machine, which I use. Goes forward AND back!! :) The machine I learned on, a White, only went forward.

I have a WWI Jones Family machine (with a long shuttle) that only goes forward.

The big advantage is that it runs extremely slowly — pretty much infinitely slowly, if you need it to. Electric pedal machines feel as if they are always buzzing off at an uncontrollable velocity in comparison; with this one, I really can do one stitch at a time if I need to.

And, of course, it's extremely attractive :-D

That is a really beautiful machine. My Singer has gold decorations, but the Victoria is nicer!

For a very short period of time in High School I worked part time in a factory that made patio furniture cushions. We used big old commercial machines that went incredibly fast. After that I tended to go a bit faster with the home machine.

I do miss the fine manual control on modern machines. They're good for a lot of stuff, but as you say, there are times when you want to go really slowly.

So was my Mum! I learnt all my knitting/sewing/mending skills from her as I went to a school that focussed on academic stuff. Like you, I have a number of her tools.

My next mending project is not clothing, but patching the bottom of the canvas bag I carry the gumph needed for rehearsals in (it's the music and instrument stands that have caused the problems). I have a stripy canvas deckchair fabric I fancy using.

I did go through my stash a while back and passed a considerable amount on to one of my nieces who is currently more making-active.

I've been catching up on a lot of mending recently. Refixing buttons, patching a pair of linen trousers (wrong colour patch, but it doesn't look too bad as they're a casual pair).

Next on the list is patching the inside of a pocket.

I've bought my first unnecessary garment of the year :-(

Four pounds fifty from the charity shop, and very stylish, but I have a wardrobe that is literally bulging out of the door with smart clothes that I rarely have time or opportunity to wear -- I 'dressed up Victorian' yesterday to go to a picnic just because I haven't worn that stuff since I acquired it at university and lost it in the bottom of a trunk until last year...

I was just thinking of a couple of other things that I'm trying to do to reduce waste.
I switched from a commercial toothpaste that comes in a non-reusible, non-recyclable tube to plain old baking soda. It is salty, but works well to clear up any little irritations in the mouth and it definitely does change the PH in the mouth which is most of the job of a good toothpaste. In the future I may try to make something slightly more appealing, with a touch more abrasive, using one of the online recipes.
I'm considering trying to make shampoo as well. Not sure I'll succeed at that, but there are some bulk options at the local co-op.
Paper bags go to the corner store, or to the pet store to be reused.
The occasional bag used for vegetables (string beans come to mind) get used as dog poop bags once they have been washed and recycled for other produce a time or three.
I'm experimenting with silicone bags for medium and small size items. They aren't quite as handy as Ziplock bags but pretty good!! Small silicone bowl lids make amazing lids for tea mugs while the tea steeps.

So glad to find someone else who washes and reuses plastic bags! For me the final use is as a bin/waste basket bag - can honestly say I've never bought rubbish bags in my life. I have enough, of all sizes, to see me out as after my parents died I snarfed their bag of bags to go with my own, and the occasional ones I still get

We have been washing plastic bags for many years.
When I was growing up in the 1960's and early 1970's my parents were reading Rachel Carson's Silent Spring and Mom was helping out in the Family Planning clinic with the idea that the world didn't need any more people in it, especially unplanned ones.
We moved into a home they built in 1966. It had a solar hot water set set up, a water bath cookstove that heated water inside in the winter and so on. We composted, had a garden, canned, made some of our own clothes, butchered our own chickens and sheep and so on. I remember Mom made me a wool plaid, pleated skirt when I was in first grade. It was extra large and held up by suspenders. Over the years the suspenders went away the hem was let down and the waistband altered. I wore that skirt through forth grade. Its final outing was as a swim suit in Mexico when I didn't have one! So I had a head start on thinking about being environmentally aware.
By the time I was in late high school I was refusing to take bags at the store, especially if it were only for one or two items. Several years ago I purchased a bottle of wine at a shop. The shop-keeper said I had to take a bag. I asked him if he wanted to make the sale or not. Apparently he did.
I have purchased trash bags, but exclusively for our mountain trips where we haul trash out in the boat. I should figure out if I can do anything differently there - it is tricky because we are also being aware of bears.

Silent Spring seems to have had an effect on more than one of us commenting on one or more of

watervole's sustainable living posts. In my case it was reading it myself at an impressionable age (late 60s/early 70s - can't precisely recall) coupled with various other things in which I was interested.

I am impressed with the approach your parents took as long ago as that. The reasons for my family's approach to more sustainable living is somewhat more complex but does include when (before and during WW1), where (Yorkshire, South West London) and how (they weren't poor, said my mother about her family, as they all had shoes) my parents were born and brought up - in summary, take care of the pennies and not get into debt. Their attitude towards the increasingly 'disposable' consumer society was wary so, for example, while we had central heating installed before many of the houses in our road there was a reason (my health), we were always careful with use of resources such as water, electricity, gas as they knew these were not limitless etc.. They'd also seen marked changes in e.g. agriculture, landscape and use, in their lifetimes and again didn't consider all to be necessarily positive. We always took our own bags when shopping but they were brought up in an age when not making a 'fuss' was encouraged and so were never as 'stroppy' as me about refusing plastic bags in the days when shops automatically put purchases in a branded plastic bag.

The definition of "poor" is very interesting. My parents came from "good" families, and graduated UC Berkly (in the 30's). When I was growing up everyone I knew had shoes, even though there were some very poor children in my school. For a couple of years Mom considered us to be poor since she could not afford 5 cents a day for my school provided lunch. She had to accept food assistance for that. We weren't exactly "poor" though, we were "land-poor" and eventually sold enough land to afford to build the house and a vineyard. Still, over all, they were generally frugal, just as you describe.

When they built the house my folks were very influenced by the ideas of Frank Loyd Wright and incorporated a lot of them in our house; the right depth eves for solar gain, extra insulation in the walls and ceiling (laughable compared to today's standards, but twice the requirements then), and an otherwise all electric house. Here in California there is a big move to eliminate gas cooking stoves in preference to electric ones as they are supposed to be more environmentally friendly.

1920s East Riding of Yorkshire. One winter she (eldest child) and her mother shared a coat between them. I know they also, at one point, nursed the youngest child through whooping cough by themselves because they couldn't afford the rent and the doctor's fee (and some people wonder why I'm very pro the NHS, well, that and the fact that I wouldn't be here now if it wasn't for the NHS!). There were twins in her class at school who only had one pair of shoes between them and took it in turns to come to school. The kids knew, she knew at least one of the teachers knew and made allowances etc.. She left school at 14 - to stay beyond then would have involved fees as her parents moved from one area to another before the scholarship exams in their original area but after they'd occurred in the area they moved to (and people wonder why I believe in a nation-wide education system!). Her younger siblings were both scholarship children, as was my father (London) and all stayed at school until they were 18. Both parents had fathers who, while they survived WWI, were not exactly unscarred. My father's father died when he was 20, leaving him with his mother and three younger brothers to look after and little or no savings - he never lost the feeling he was responsible for everything. Both my parents were very keen on having sufficient savings to cope in case of emergency and also in spending on education. People have noted before now that I have a slightly unusual take on the 20th century amongst my contemporaries - but most had parents a good half generation younger than mine (40 and 42 when I was born)...

My reply got very long. I'm posting it in my journal instead of leaving this thread on Watervole's journal.

My parents weren't poor by the time I was growing up (my father was in a white-collar job and kept getting steadily promoted until he was head of the department, so we ended up with a lot of savings in the bank as his salary rose and our expenditure remained minimal) but they didn't believe in wasting anything. They had insulation put into the house very early, and a first-generation solar water heating system. But basically they never really formed part of the post-war consumer society; they went on living as they had been brought up, never buying a car, taking a trolley basket to the shops (my father always carried a folded bag in his inside jacket pocket, just in case he might want to buy something), carrying a Thermos of tea, a tin of sandwiches and a camping bottle full of squash on all-day expeditions instead of purchasing snack food, taking self-catering holidays in England rather than flying off to seek the sun (I'd never in my life stayed in a hotel until I went to Russia), buying clothes, gifts, books and records second hand (I was a charity shop expert by the time I was twelve, and could run my hand along the rails and identify the garments in a fabric I might actually want to wear), and never throwing anything -- from screws to pieces of fabric -- away if it could be stored for re-use. We picked fruit and made our own jam using our vast stack of second-hand glass jars. We baked our own chutney, bread and cakes ('shop cake' was a subject for derision, and generally rather nasty). We mended our clothes until they were only fit for rag, and then we used them as rags. We didn't have a TV until I was in my teens, so I spent my childhod reading voraciously (but generally a generation or two behind the latest literature).

Basically, we lived all our lives as if it was still the 1940s, which has been very handy since I've never had any money of my own and have never needed to sacrifice any part of my 'lifestyle' to compensate. The only thing we didn't do was the family camping holidays, since the railways no longer offered the advanced luggage service that was essential to transport heavy canvas tents and cooking equipment without a car...

It's rather scary how, like religion, this sort of thing is so very largely dependent on upbringing. I'm not frugal because I've Seen the Light; I'm frugal out of habit, because I was brought up to frown on waste. I don't drive because I was brought up without a car (and indeed, brought up to look down on 'car children' who couldn't walk so much as a mile). I don't take holidays abroad because my parents didn't take holidays abroad, so all my childhood memories are associated with long train journeys and not aeroplanes.

None of that is anything to do with me. It's pure chance.

It appears that baking soda may wear away the enammel, so I'd be careful how much you use it and I certainly wouldn't add more abrasive to the mix.

I use a flannel rather than a toothbrush. It's cotton, so I just put it in the laundry at the end of the week, and will compost it eventually.

I tried a toothpaste that was some kind of clay, but that gave me a sore throat, so I'm back with the stuff in a tube at present.

That is interesting. All the sources I found said that soda is a base component of most homemade toothpastes and is fine to use alone - but it might not be abrasive enough, which is why most toothpastes contain small amounts of fine clay. I am careful with the amount of peroxide I use near my teeth!

I've still got a load of good stuff that I bought at folk festivals during my Artisan years. Bear in mind we 'retired' in 2005, much of it is 20+ years old, but it will never go out of fashion because it was never in fashion in the first place. I don't buy disposable clothes. If I get rid of anything it goes to a charity shop, or a homeless shelter, or directly to a friend who is a similar size with similar tastes. I knit or crochet my own winter woolies (tunics mostly) - again nothing fashionable. I lost some weight last summer, so I bought a couple of new tunics in smaller sizes last summer/autumn, but I haven't bought anything new this year except a lightweight dressing gown that I needed for a hospital thing. It will last me forever. I still have a stash of fabric from my sewing days. Maybe one day I'll do something with it... if I have time. As for shoes, I mostly wear Merrells. I have feet built for comfort, not for speed (or fashion). As for the rest of it... I don't travel much these days. My little car does about 2,000 miles a year at most. My biggest faling is buying more food than we can eat. It goes out of date in my fridge and then I waste it. That's not good. Will try to do better.

If it goes out of date, cook it immediately :-D
(Even lettuce...)

Unless it actually smells bad, it's almost certainly fine to eat. That even extends to cheese with mould on the surface; I've eaten bread with the beginnings of mould on (by mistake) and don't recommend the flavour, but nothing bad happened to me as a result.

Once food has been cooked, its 'best before' timer effectively resets, and you get another two or three days out of it (depending on what it is and how you cook it and store it afterwards, potentially longer).

Yes, I've never been prissy about the dates on the packet. I go by my nose. (And, indeed, even if the date has not expired, I've occasionally thrown stuff out because it didn't smell right.) Mould on cheese isn't as problem. In fact cheese keeps way beyond the best before date, and in some cases is better for it. (It tells you when it's NOT edible.) I'm wary about fresh fish/shellfish once it's beyond its date, however. My dad had a friend who managed one of M&S' food departments and he said that the sell by/best before dates usually has a week's safety marging built into them.

If you make your own bread, cake and yoghurt and get fresh food from the butcher and greengrocer, it never comes with 'best before' dates on it anyway, so you get used to watching it change :-D

(The odd thing is that home-made bread almost never goes mouldy -- just stale. Whereas shop bread being sold off cheaply because it's near its 'best before' date seems to go mouldy with a speed to which I'm completely unaccustomed -- odd, because I assume shop bread gets all sorts of preservatives which ordinary flour-and-water bread doesn't.)

I think it's because shop bread is softer and wetter than home baked, and tends to come wrapped in plastic. When I bake bread, especially wholemeal, it comes out more cake-textured. Also, generally, it doesn't last long enough to go mouldy! :-)

I get round that, as I don't eat that much bread anyway, by keeping sliced bread (be it supermarket or the local bakery) in the freezer. Doesn't take that long to defrost a couple of slices and toasts happily from frozen.

I know what you mean about folkie clothes. They don't date. I still get compliments on a pair of dungarees I bought nearly 20 years ago at Sidmouth, and have worn many times since then.

I think the simplest tip with regard to food is to have a smaller fridge. IF the fridge looks full, you may be less likely to buy more.

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